Major issues that impact the sanctuary include oil and gas development, busy shipping lanes in nearby waters, non-point source pollution, and commercial and recreational fishing.

Since its designation in September 1980, sanctuary objectives have focused on balancing the protection of marine animals, habitats and prehistoric tribal artifacts with ever increasing recreational and commercial activities.

The Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary is located 25 miles (22 nautical miles) off the coast of Santa Barbara, California. The sanctuary encompasses the waters surrounding Anacapa, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, San Miguel and Santa Barbara islands, extending from mean high tide to seven miles (six nautical miles) offshore.