Several Native American groups settled on the canyon-slashed slopes of the Pajarito Plateau in a striking setting characterized by tan cliffs, forested mesas, and deep gorges. The story of these people - their adaptation to their environment and their relationships with other groups - is gradually being brought to light through continuing research by archaeologists, adding to our knowledge of prehistoric Southwestern cultures.

The Pajarito Plateau is interesting geologically as well as archaeologically. It is constituted largely of tuff (consolidated volcanic ash) and basaltic lava ejected thousands of years ago by a great volcano. The caldera (saucer-shaped depression) created by the collapsed summit of the volcano is among the world's largest calderas; its rim forms the Jemez Mountains. Through this highland, running water has cut many steep-walled canyons down to the Rio Grande.

Nearby attractions: Several Indian Pueblos nearby are open to public except on certain feast days. A science museum that deals with the development of the atomic bomb is located in Los Alamos. Numerous historic sites and museums are located within one to two hours from monument.